CO₂ emissions

How much carbon dioxide each country emits, how much it has emitted since 1850, from which sources, and how much it “imports” with the goods it consumes.

Key words

CO₂
Carbon dioxide, the main greenhouse gas emitted by human activities. Here only from fossil fuels and industry (cement), without forests and land use; measured in million tonnes (Mt).
Territorial emissions
The CO₂ emitted within the country’s borders: the official way of counting, used in climate agreements.
Consumption-based emissions
Territorial emissions plus the CO₂ of imported goods, minus that of exported goods: the CO₂ of what the country consumes, wherever it was produced.
Per capita
Emissions divided by the population, in tonnes per person: it allows large and small countries to be compared.
Cumulative emissions
All the CO₂ emitted from 1850 to today. Since it stays in the air for centuries, it shows how much a country has contributed to the warming already under way; measured in billion tonnes (Gt).

The figures

The latest available year, in brackets. Source: Global Carbon Budget 2025.

Over time

From 1850 to today: “Per year” the CO₂ emitted in that year, “Cumulative” the sum of all CO₂ emitted from 1850 up to that year. With “Per capita” also the world average; the compared country with a thin line.

    Where it comes from

    CO₂ by source: coal, oil, gas, cement, gas burned at wells (flaring) and other industries. For the chosen country, or for the world.

      Produced and consumed

      The CO₂ emitted in the country and that of the goods consumed there, since 1990. If the second is higher, the country “imports” CO₂: part of its emissions happen elsewhere, where the goods it buys are produced.

        The top ten

        Most CO₂ emitted

        1. China 12,289 Mt
        2. United States of America 4,904 Mt
        3. India 3,193 Mt
        4. Russia 1,781 Mt
        5. Japan 962 Mt
        6. Indonesia 812 Mt
        7. Iran 793 Mt
        8. Saudi Arabia 692 Mt
        9. South Korea 584 Mt
        10. Germany 572 Mt

        Latest figure: 2024

        Most CO₂ per capita

        1. Qatar 41.3 t
        2. Kuwait 26.2 t
        3. Brunei 26.0 t
        4. Bahrain 24.3 t
        5. Trinidad and Tobago 22.9 t
        6. Saudi Arabia 20.4 t
        7. United Arab Emirates 20.1 t
        8. Oman 15.7 t
        9. Australia 14.5 t
        10. United States of America 14.2 t

        Latest figure: 2024

        Most cumulative CO₂ since 1850

        1. United States of America 434.9 Gt
        2. China 285.1 Gt
        3. Russia 122.8 Gt
        4. Germany 95.1 Gt
        5. United Kingdom 80.1 Gt
        6. Japan 69.6 Gt
        7. India 66.1 Gt
        8. France 40.0 Gt
        9. Canada 35.6 Gt
        10. Ukraine 31.2 Gt

        Latest figure: 2024

        All countries

        Country CO₂ Per capita Share of the world Cumulative since 1850 Consumption per capita
        China 12,289 Mt 8.7 t 31.84 % 285.1 Gt 7.6 t (2023)
        United States of America 4,904 Mt 14.2 t 12.71 % 434.9 Gt 15.8 t (2023)
        India 3,193 Mt 2.2 t 8.27 % 66.1 Gt 1.8 t (2023)
        Russia 1,781 Mt 12.3 t 4.61 % 122.8 Gt 9.7 t (2023)
        Japan 962 Mt 7.8 t 2.49 % 69.6 Gt 9.2 t (2023)
        Indonesia 812 Mt 2.9 t 2.10 % 17.4 Gt 2.6 t (2023)
        Iran 793 Mt 8.7 t 2.05 % 21.8 Gt 7.4 t (2023)
        Saudi Arabia 692 Mt 20.4 t 1.79 % 19.0 Gt 19.7 t (2023)
        South Korea 584 Mt 11.3 t 1.51 % 20.7 Gt 13.7 t (2023)
        Germany 572 Mt 6.8 t 1.48 % 95.1 Gt 9.1 t (2023)
        Canada 533 Mt 13.4 t 1.38 % 35.6 Gt 13.2 t (2023)
        Turkey 513 Mt 5.9 t 1.33 % 12.9 Gt 5.5 t (2023)
        Brazil 483 Mt 2.3 t 1.25 % 18.2 Gt 2.2 t (2023)
        Mexico 461 Mt 3.5 t 1.19 % 22.0 Gt 4.4 t (2023)
        South Africa 440 Mt 6.9 t 1.14 % 22.8 Gt 5.1 t (2023)
        Australia 387 Mt 14.5 t 1.00 % 20.0 Gt 14.1 t (2023)
        Vietnam 371 Mt 3.7 t 0.96 % 5.7 Gt 2.5 t (2023)
        United Kingdom 313 Mt 4.5 t 0.81 % 80.1 Gt 7.1 t (2023)
        Italy 302 Mt 5.1 t 0.78 % 26.0 Gt 7.2 t (2023)
        Malaysia 290 Mt 8.2 t 0.75 % 7.0 Gt 8.2 t (2023)
        Kazakhstan 287 Mt 13.9 t 0.74 % 14.9 Gt 10.5 t (2023)
        Poland 273 Mt 7.1 t 0.71 % 29.0 Gt 7.1 t (2023)
        Thailand 268 Mt 3.7 t 0.69 % 8.3 Gt 4.3 t (2023)
        France 264 Mt 4.0 t 0.68 % 40.0 Gt 6.1 t (2023)
        Taiwan * 262 Mt 11.3 t 0.68 % 10.1 Gt 12.6 t (2023)
        Egypt 258 Mt 2.2 t 0.67 % 7.5 Gt 2.2 t (2023)
        Iraq 234 Mt 5.1 t 0.61 % 5.4 Gt –
        United Arab Emirates 222 Mt 20.1 t 0.58 % 5.8 Gt 23.3 t (2023)
        Spain 220 Mt 4.6 t 0.57 % 15.7 Gt 5.4 t (2023)
        Algeria 198 Mt 4.2 t 0.51 % 5.5 Gt –
        Pakistan 180 Mt 0.7 t 0.47 % 5.7 Gt 0.9 t (2023)
        Philippines 175 Mt 1.5 t 0.45 % 4.0 Gt 1.8 t (2023)
        Argentina 171 Mt 3.7 t 0.44 % 9.2 Gt 4.1 t (2023)
        Ukraine 142 Mt 3.8 t 0.37 % 31.2 Gt 4.4 t (2023)
        Uzbekistan 139 Mt 3.8 t 0.36 % 6.8 Gt –
        Nigeria 136 Mt 0.6 t 0.35 % 4.7 Gt 0.6 t (2023)
        Kuwait 130 Mt 26.2 t 0.34 % 3.9 Gt 25.3 t (2023)
        Qatar 126 Mt 41.3 t 0.33 % 2.6 Gt 27.6 t (2023)
        Venezuela 116 Mt 4.1 t 0.30 % 7.9 Gt 3.6 t (2023)
        Netherlands 115 Mt 6.3 t 0.30 % 12.3 Gt 8.3 t (2023)
        Bangladesh 108 Mt 0.6 t 0.28 % 2.0 Gt 1.0 t (2023)
        Colombia 93 Mt 1.8 t 0.24 % 3.8 Gt 2.0 t (2023)
        Belgium 85 Mt 7.3 t 0.22 % 12.9 Gt 16.8 t (2023)
        Oman 83 Mt 15.7 t 0.21 % 1.7 Gt 16.5 t (2023)
        Turkmenistan 81 Mt 10.8 t 0.21 % 2.7 Gt –
        Chile 79 Mt 4.0 t 0.20 % 3.3 Gt 4.5 t (2023)
        Czech Republic 76 Mt 7.0 t 0.20 % 12.3 Gt 9.3 t (2023)
        Peru 70 Mt 2.1 t 0.18 % 2.2 Gt 2.3 t (2023)
        Morocco 69 Mt 1.8 t 0.18 % 2.0 Gt 1.9 t (2023)
        Romania 69 Mt 3.6 t 0.18 % 8.9 Gt 4.1 t (2023)
        Libya 65 Mt 8.8 t 0.17 % 2.5 Gt –
        North Korea 63 Mt 2.4 t 0.16 % 5.5 Gt –
        Austria 56 Mt 6.2 t 0.15 % 5.7 Gt 8.4 t (2023)
        Belarus 56 Mt 6.2 t 0.15 % 5.2 Gt 6.9 t (2023)
        Singapore 54 Mt 9.2 t 0.14 % 2.2 Gt 32.3 t (2023)
        Greece 53 Mt 5.3 t 0.14 % 4.3 Gt 6.6 t (2023)
        Israel 53 Mt 5.6 t 0.14 % 2.6 Gt 9.5 t (2023)
        Ecuador 46 Mt 2.5 t 0.12 % 1.4 Gt 2.7 t (2023)
        Mongolia 45 Mt 12.9 t 0.12 % 0.9 Gt 10.7 t (2023)
        Serbia 42 Mt 6.2 t 0.11 % 2.9 Gt –
        Hungary 40 Mt 4.1 t 0.10 % 5.2 Gt 5.9 t (2023)
        Azerbaijan 40 Mt 3.9 t 0.10 % 2.6 Gt 4.0 t (2023)
        Bahrain 39 Mt 24.3 t 0.10 % 1.1 Gt 14.1 t (2023)
        Sweden 38 Mt 3.6 t 0.10 % 5.1 Gt 5.9 t (2023)
        Norway 37 Mt 6.7 t 0.10 % 2.8 Gt 7.1 t (2023)
        Portugal 36 Mt 3.4 t 0.09 % 2.8 Gt 4.6 t (2023)
        Trinidad and Tobago 35 Mt 22.9 t 0.09 % 1.7 Gt 14.9 t (2023)
        Hong Kong * 33 Mt 4.5 t 0.09 % 1.8 Gt 19.4 t (2023)
        Ireland 33 Mt 6.3 t 0.09 % 2.4 Gt 7.9 t (2023)
        Dominican Republic 33 Mt 2.9 t 0.09 % 0.9 Gt 3.6 t (2023)
        Tunisia 33 Mt 2.7 t 0.09 % 1.1 Gt 2.5 t (2023)
        New Zealand 32 Mt 6.2 t 0.08 % 2.0 Gt 8.0 t (2023)
        Switzerland 32 Mt 3.6 t 0.08 % 3.2 Gt 13.3 t (2023)
        Syria 32 Mt 1.3 t 0.08 % 2.1 Gt –
        Bulgaria 32 Mt 4.7 t 0.08 % 4.0 Gt 5.2 t (2023)
        Myanmar 32 Mt 0.6 t 0.08 % 0.7 Gt –
        Finland 30 Mt 5.3 t 0.08 % 3.3 Gt 8.5 t (2023)
        Slovakia 29 Mt 5.3 t 0.08 % 4.0 Gt 6.3 t (2023)
        Bolivia 29 Mt 2.3 t 0.07 % 0.6 Gt 2.1 t (2023)
        Denmark 28 Mt 4.7 t 0.07 % 4.2 Gt 8.3 t (2023)
        Cuba 24 Mt 2.2 t 0.06 % 1.8 Gt –
        Laos 24 Mt 3.1 t 0.06 % 0.2 Gt 1.9 t (2023)
        Jordan 23 Mt 2.0 t 0.06 % 0.8 Gt 2.8 t (2023)
        Angola 22 Mt 0.6 t 0.06 % 0.7 Gt –
        Cambodia 22 Mt 1.2 t 0.06 % 0.3 Gt 2.2 t (2023)
        Kenya 21 Mt 0.4 t 0.06 % 0.6 Gt 0.6 t (2023)
        Ghana 21 Mt 0.6 t 0.05 % 0.4 Gt 0.8 t (2023)
        Sri Lanka 21 Mt 0.9 t 0.05 % 0.6 Gt 2.0 t (2023)
        Tanzania 20 Mt 0.3 t 0.05 % 0.3 Gt 0.4 t (2023)
        Guatemala 20 Mt 1.1 t 0.05 % 0.5 Gt 1.4 t (2023)
        Bosnia and Herzegovina 19 Mt 6.1 t 0.05 % 1.0 Gt –
        Nepal 19 Mt 0.6 t 0.05 % 0.2 Gt 1.6 t (2023)
        Croatia 18 Mt 4.8 t 0.05 % 1.2 Gt 6.1 t (2023)
        Ethiopia 18 Mt 0.1 t 0.05 % 0.3 Gt 0.2 t (2023)
        Sudan 18 Mt 0.4 t 0.05 % 0.5 Gt –
        Lebanon 16 Mt 2.7 t 0.04 % 0.8 Gt –
        Ivory Coast 15 Mt 0.5 t 0.04 % 0.4 Gt 0.6 t (2023)
        Senegal 14 Mt 0.8 t 0.04 % 0.3 Gt 1.1 t (2023)
        Zimbabwe 14 Mt 0.8 t 0.04 % 0.8 Gt 0.9 t (2023)
        Honduras 13 Mt 1.2 t 0.03 % 0.3 Gt 1.0 t (2023)
        Slovenia 13 Mt 6.0 t 0.03 % 0.9 Gt 9.3 t (2023)
        Panama 13 Mt 2.8 t 0.03 % 0.4 Gt 4.4 t (2023)
        Lithuania 13 Mt 4.4 t 0.03 % 1.6 Gt 7.2 t (2023)
        Brunei 12 Mt 26.0 t 0.03 % 0.4 Gt 19.3 t (2023)
        Zambia 12 Mt 0.6 t 0.03 % 0.3 Gt 0.6 t (2023)
        Georgia 12 Mt 3.1 t 0.03 % 0.7 Gt 4.0 t (2023)
        Kyrgyzstan 12 Mt 1.6 t 0.03 % 0.9 Gt 2.7 t (2023)
        Afghanistan 11 Mt 0.3 t 0.03 % 0.2 Gt –
        Tajikistan 11 Mt 1.0 t 0.03 % 0.5 Gt 1.3 t (2023)
        Yemen 10 Mt 0.2 t 0.03 % 0.7 Gt –
        Cameroon 10 Mt 0.3 t 0.03 % 0.3 Gt 0.4 t (2023)
        El Salvador 9 Mt 1.4 t 0.02 % 0.3 Gt 1.8 t (2023)
        Republic of the Congo 9 Mt 1.4 t 0.02 % 0.2 Gt –
        Costa Rica 9 Mt 1.7 t 0.02 % 0.3 Gt 2.9 t (2023)
        Mozambique 9 Mt 0.2 t 0.02 % 0.2 Gt 0.4 t (2023)
        Jamaica 8 Mt 3.0 t 0.02 % 0.5 Gt 2.9 t (2023)
        Papua New Guinea 8 Mt 0.8 t 0.02 % 0.2 Gt –
        Estonia 8 Mt 6.1 t 0.02 % 1.7 Gt 9.2 t (2023)
        Uruguay 8 Mt 2.4 t 0.02 % 0.5 Gt 3.2 t (2023)
        Paraguay 8 Mt 1.1 t 0.02 % 0.2 Gt 1.9 t (2023)
        Botswana 7 Mt 3.0 t 0.02 % 0.2 Gt 5.9 t (2023)
        Armenia 7 Mt 2.5 t 0.02 % 0.4 Gt 2.6 t (2023)
        Cyprus 7 Mt 5.4 t 0.02 % 0.3 Gt 6.4 t (2023)
        Luxembourg 7 Mt 10.5 t 0.02 % 0.8 Gt 11.0 t (2023)
        Equatorial Guinea 7 Mt 3.7 t 0.02 % 0.2 Gt –
        Mali 7 Mt 0.3 t 0.02 % 0.1 Gt –
        North Macedonia 7 Mt 3.6 t 0.02 % 0.5 Gt –
        Burkina Faso 7 Mt 0.3 t 0.02 % 0.1 Gt 0.3 t (2023)
        Latvia 6 Mt 3.5 t 0.02 % 1.0 Gt 7.1 t (2023)
        Uganda 6 Mt 0.1 t 0.02 % 0.1 Gt 0.2 t (2023)
        Benin 6 Mt 0.4 t 0.02 % 0.1 Gt 0.6 t (2023)
        Democratic Republic of the Congo 6 Mt 0.1 t 0.02 % 0.2 Gt –
        Nicaragua 6 Mt 0.8 t 0.02 % 0.2 Gt 1.1 t (2023)
        Gabon 5 Mt 2.1 t 0.01 % 0.3 Gt –
        Moldova 5 Mt 1.8 t 0.01 % 1.4 Gt –
        New Caledonia * 5 Mt 18.1 t 0.01 % 0.2 Gt –
        Mauritania 5 Mt 1.0 t 0.01 % 0.1 Gt –
        Palestine 5 Mt 0.9 t 0.01 % 0.1 Gt –
        Mauritius 5 Mt 3.7 t 0.01 % 0.1 Gt 6.2 t (2023)
        Madagascar 5 Mt 0.1 t 0.01 % 0.1 Gt 0.2 t (2023)
        Guyana 5 Mt 5.4 t 0.01 % 0.1 Gt –
        Albania 4 Mt 1.6 t 0.01 % 0.3 Gt 1.9 t (2023)
        Guinea 4 Mt 0.3 t 0.01 % 0.1 Gt 0.4 t (2023)
        Iceland 4 Mt 9.7 t 0.01 % 0.2 Gt –
        Namibia 3 Mt 1.1 t 0.01 % 0.1 Gt 3.3 t (2023)
        Niger 3 Mt 0.1 t 0.01 % 0.1 Gt –
        The Bahamas 3 Mt 7.7 t 0.01 % 0.2 Gt –
        Suriname 3 Mt 4.7 t 0.01 % 0.1 Gt –
        Haiti 3 Mt 0.3 t 0.01 % 0.1 Gt –
        Chad 3 Mt 0.1 t 0.01 % 0.1 Gt –
        Togo 3 Mt 0.3 t 0.01 % 0.1 Gt 1.1 t (2023)
        Lesotho 3 Mt 1.1 t 0.01 % 0.1 Gt –
        Montenegro 2 Mt 3.7 t 0.01 % 0.1 Gt –
        Maldives 2 Mt 4.4 t 0.01 % 0.0 Gt –
        Curaçao * 2 Mt 12.3 t 0.01 % 0.5 Gt –
        Rwanda 2 Mt 0.1 t 0.01 % 0.0 Gt 0.3 t (2023)
        Malawi 2 Mt 0.1 t 0.01 % 0.1 Gt 0.2 t (2023)
        Malta 2 Mt 3.2 t 0.00 % 0.1 Gt 26.8 t (2023)
        South Sudan 2 Mt 0.1 t 0.00 % 0.0 Gt –
        Bhutan 2 Mt 2.1 t 0.00 % 0.0 Gt –
        Fiji 1 Mt 1.6 t 0.00 % 0.1 Gt –
        Sierra Leone 1 Mt 0.2 t 0.00 % 0.0 Gt –
        Barbados 1 Mt 4.8 t 0.00 % 0.1 Gt –
        Somalia 1 Mt 0.1 t 0.00 % 0.0 Gt –
        Macau * 1 Mt 1.5 t 0.00 % 0.1 Gt –
        Eswatini 1 Mt 0.8 t 0.00 % 0.0 Gt –
        French Polynesia * 1 Mt 3.3 t 0.00 % 0.0 Gt –
        Aruba * 1 Mt 8.5 t 0.00 % 0.1 Gt –
        Burundi 1 Mt 0.1 t 0.00 % 0.0 Gt –
        Liberia 1 Mt 0.2 t 0.00 % 0.1 Gt –
        The Gambia 1 Mt 0.3 t 0.00 % 0.0 Gt –
        Belize 1 Mt 1.9 t 0.00 % 0.0 Gt –
        Eritrea 1 Mt 0.2 t 0.00 % 0.0 Gt –
        Faroe Islands * 1 Mt 13.1 t 0.00 % 0.0 Gt –
        Sint Maarten * 1 Mt 16.5 t 0.00 % 0.1 Gt –
        East Timor 1 Mt 0.5 t 0.00 % 0.0 Gt –
        Antigua and Barbuda 1 Mt 7.1 t 0.00 % 0.0 Gt –
        Seychelles 1 Mt 5.0 t 0.00 % 0.0 Gt –
        Greenland * 1 Mt 11.1 t 0.00 % 0.0 Gt –
        Cape Verde 1 Mt 1.1 t 0.00 % 0.0 Gt –
        Djibouti 1 Mt 0.5 t 0.00 % 0.0 Gt –
        Comoros 1 Mt 0.6 t 0.00 % 0.0 Gt –
        Bermuda * 1 Mt 8.5 t 0.00 % 0.0 Gt –
        Saint Lucia 1 Mt 3.0 t 0.00 % 0.0 Gt –
        Andorra 0 Mt 5.2 t 0.00 % 0.0 Gt –
        Central African Republic 0 Mt 0.1 t 0.00 % 0.0 Gt –
        Turks and Caicos Islands * 0 Mt 8.1 t 0.00 % 0.0 Gt –
        Grenada 0 Mt 3.2 t 0.00 % 0.0 Gt –
        Guinea-Bissau 0 Mt 0.2 t 0.00 % 0.0 Gt –
        Solomon Islands 0 Mt 0.4 t 0.00 % 0.0 Gt –
        Saint Kitts and Nevis 0 Mt 5.5 t 0.00 % 0.0 Gt –
        Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 0 Mt 2.5 t 0.00 % 0.0 Gt –
        Samoa 0 Mt 1.1 t 0.00 % 0.0 Gt –
        Palau 0 Mt 12.8 t 0.00 % 0.0 Gt –
        Vanuatu 0 Mt 0.6 t 0.00 % 0.0 Gt –
        British Virgin Islands * 0 Mt 4.9 t 0.00 % 0.0 Gt –
        Dominica 0 Mt 2.6 t 0.00 % 0.0 Gt –
        Marshall Islands 0 Mt 4.1 t 0.00 % 0.0 Gt –
        Tonga 0 Mt 1.5 t 0.00 % 0.0 Gt –
        Federated States of Micronesia 0 Mt 1.3 t 0.00 % 0.0 Gt –
        Anguilla * 0 Mt 10.1 t 0.00 % 0.0 Gt –
        São Tomé and Príncipe 0 Mt 0.6 t 0.00 % 0.0 Gt –
        Liechtenstein 0 Mt 3.3 t 0.00 % 0.0 Gt –
        Cook Islands * 0 Mt 5.8 t 0.00 % 0.0 Gt –
        Kiribati 0 Mt 0.5 t 0.00 % 0.0 Gt –
        Nauru 0 Mt 5.1 t 0.00 % 0.0 Gt –
        Saint Pierre and Miquelon * 0 Mt 9.8 t 0.00 % 0.0 Gt –
        Wallis and Futuna * 0 Mt 2.7 t 0.00 % 0.0 Gt –
        Montserrat * 0 Mt 6.0 t 0.00 % 0.0 Gt –
        Saint Helena * 0 Mt 2.2 t 0.00 % 0.0 Gt –
        Tuvalu 0 Mt 1.2 t 0.00 % 0.0 Gt –
        Niue * 0 Mt 4.1 t 0.00 % 0.0 Gt –

        * Territory or country that is not one of the 195 UN states (members and observers): it appears with its data, but not in the rankings and in the “top ten” lists.

        CO₂ emissions from fossil fuels and industry, latest year (2024); consumption-based the latest available year. Source: Global Carbon Budget 2025 (CC BY 4.0), via Our World in Data.

        The indicators

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