Forests
How much of each country’s land is covered by forest, how much forest there is in km² and how it has changed since 1990.
Key words
- Forest
- For FAO: land with trees at least 5 m tall, natural or planted. Orchards, agricultural plantations (such as oil palm) and urban parks are not forests.
- Deforestation
- When a forest becomes something else: fields, pastures, mines, cities. Felling followed by regrowth is not deforestation.
- Expansion
- New forest on land that was not forest before: planted, or regrown naturally, for example on abandoned fields.
- Net loss
- Deforestation minus expansion. A country can lose old forests and gain new ones: the net loss is small, but the forests are not the same.
In the world
- World forest area (2025)
- 4.14 billion hectares
- Of the land area
- 32%
- Deforestation per year: 1990–2000 → 2015–2025
- 17.6 → 10.9 million ha
- Net loss per year: 1990s → 2015–2025
- 10.7 → 4.12 million ha
Deforestation is slowing in all regions, but remains high. In the last decade natural forests declined mostly in Africa and South America, while they increased in Europe; planted forests are growing everywhere.
Source: FAO, Global Forest Resources Assessment 2025 (presented on 21 October 2025).
Key figures
Latest available year in brackets. Source: World Bank (FAO data).
Over time
The share of land covered by forest since 1990, with the compared country and the world.
Top ten
Most land covered by forest
- Federated States of Micronesia 92.1 %
- Suriname 91.5 %
- Gabon 91.4 %
- Palau 90.8 %
- Solomon Islands 89.8 %
- Guyana 87.1 %
- Equatorial Guinea 86.1 %
- Dominica 76.4 %
- Papua New Guinea 75.2 %
- Guinea-Bissau 74.8 %
Latest figure: 2024
Most forest
- Russia 8,326,299 km²
- Brazil 4,860,866 km²
- Canada 3,688,189 km²
- United States of America 3,088,950 km²
- China 2,271,530 km²
- Democratic Republic of the Congo 1,391,891 km²
- Australia 1,335,616 km²
- Indonesia 959,693 km²
- India 727,390 km²
- Peru 671,598 km²
Latest figure: 2025
Most forest gained since 1990
- China +700,124 km²
- India +88,010 km²
- Canada +80,416 km²
- United States of America +64,450 km²
- Vietnam +54,141 km²
- Spain +52,281 km²
- France +33,590 km²
- South Africa +30,649 km²
- Turkey +30,223 km²
- Italy +18,322 km²
From 1990 to 2025.
Most forest lost since 1990
- Brazil -1,323,566 km²
- Democratic Republic of the Congo -213,511 km²
- Indonesia -203,652 km²
- Tanzania -147,650 km²
- Angola -142,710 km²
- Myanmar -121,232 km²
- Paraguay -113,823 km²
- Peru -98,781 km²
- Argentina -93,916 km²
- Mozambique -93,460 km²
From 1990 to 2025.
All countries
| Country | Forest | % of land | Since 1990 | Since 1990, % |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Russia | 8,326,299 km² | 50.8 % | – | – |
| Brazil | 4,860,866 km² | 58.5 % | -1,323,566 km² | -21.4 % |
| Canada | 3,688,189 km² | 42.0 % | +80,416 km² | +2.2 % |
| United States of America | 3,088,950 km² | 33.8 % | +64,450 km² | +2.1 % |
| China | 2,271,530 km² | 24.0 % | +700,124 km² | +44.6 % |
| Democratic Republic of the Congo | 1,391,891 km² | 61.5 % | -213,511 km² | -13.3 % |
| Australia | 1,335,616 km² | 17.4 % | -10,131 km² | -0.8 % |
| Indonesia | 959,693 km² | 50.7 % | -203,652 km² | -17.5 % |
| India | 727,390 km² | 24.4 % | +88,010 km² | +13.8 % |
| Peru | 671,598 km² | 52.7 % | -98,781 km² | -12.8 % |
| Mexico | 662,656 km² | 34.2 % | -55,383 km² | -7.7 % |
| Angola | 632,623 km² | 51.2 % | -142,710 km² | -18.4 % |
| Colombia | 594,569 km² | 53.7 % | -56,459 km² | -8.7 % |
| Bolivia | 543,703 km² | 50.2 % | -74,040 km² | -12.0 % |
| Venezuela | 470,882 km² | 53.4 % | -33,953 km² | -6.7 % |
| Argentina | 465,980 km² | 17.1 % | -93,916 km² | -16.8 % |
| Central African Republic | 450,949 km² | 72.5 % | -13,400 km² | -2.9 % |
| Zambia | 448,743 km² | 60.5 % | -25,377 km² | -5.4 % |
| Tanzania | 434,000 km² | 49.6 % | -147,650 km² | -25.4 % |
| Papua New Guinea | 340,290 km² | 75.2 % | -5,854 km² | -1.7 % |
| Mozambique | 322,429 km² | 41.3 % | -93,460 km² | -22.5 % |
| Sweden | 279,340 km² | 68.6 % | -1,290 km² | -0.5 % |
| Myanmar | 270,953 km² | 42.0 % | -121,232 km² | -30.9 % |
| Ethiopia | 267,471 km² | 23.8 % | – | – |
| Japan | 249,080 km² | 68.3 % | -420 km² | -0.2 % |
| Gabon | 235,553 km² | 91.4 % | -2,189 km² | -0.9 % |
| South Africa | 228,814 km² | 18.8 % | +30,649 km² | +15.5 % |
| Turkey | 228,058 km² | 29.5 % | +30,223 km² | +15.3 % |
| Finland | 225,430 km² | 74.2 % | +6,677 km² | +3.1 % |
| Sudan | 219,804 km² | 11.9 % | – | – |
| Republic of the Congo | 218,538 km² | 64.0 % | -4,012 km² | -1.8 % |
| Thailand | 196,475 km² | 38.7 % | -5,875 km² | -2.9 % |
| Cameroon | 191,432 km² | 40.7 % | -33,568 km² | -14.9 % |
| Spain | 191,328 km² | 38.2 % | +52,281 km² | +37.6 % |
| Malaysia | 188,847 km² | 57.7 % | -17,338 km² | -8.4 % |
| Guyana | 183,772 km² | 87.1 % | -2,250 km² | -1.2 % |
| Chile | 181,619 km² | 24.5 % | +13,510 km² | +8.0 % |
| France | 177,950 km² | 32.9 % | +33,590 km² | +23.3 % |
| Nigeria | 171,300 km² | 18.9 % | -44,409 km² | -20.6 % |
| Botswana | 157,302 km² | 27.8 % | +23 km² | 0.0 % |
| Vietnam | 147,901 km² | 47.1 % | +54,141 km² | +57.7 % |
| Suriname | 146,742 km² | 91.5 % | -1,921 km² | -1.3 % |
| Paraguay | 142,974 km² | 36.5 % | -113,823 km² | -44.3 % |
| Mongolia | 141,783 km² | 9.1 % | -1,737 km² | -1.2 % |
| Zimbabwe | 137,660 km² | 35.7 % | -29,494 km² | -17.6 % |
| Laos | 130,360 km² | 56.6 % | -13,632 km² | -9.5 % |
| Ecuador | 123,103 km² | 49.7 % | -23,219 km² | -15.9 % |
| Norway | 121,086 km² | 33.2 % | -1,082 km² | -0.9 % |
| Germany | 114,814 km² | 32.8 % | +1,814 km² | +1.6 % |
| Iran | 107,510 km² | 6.6 % | 0 km² | 0.0 % |
| Mali | 104,793 km² | 8.7 % | -35,191 km² | -25.1 % |
| New Zealand | 103,030 km² | 38.9 % | +9,308 km² | +9.9 % |
| Ukraine | 100,900 km² | 17.3 % | – | – |
| Madagascar | 99,221 km² | 17.3 % | -37,551 km² | -27.5 % |
| Poland | 94,950 km² | 31.0 % | +6,130 km² | +6.9 % |
| Italy | 94,220 km² | 31.8 % | +18,322 km² | +24.1 % |
| Belarus | 89,754 km² | 44.1 % | – | – |
| Senegal | 86,493 km² | 45.0 % | -5,440 km² | -5.9 % |
| Namibia | 80,430 km² | 9.8 % | -7,262 km² | -8.3 % |
| North Korea | 77,279 km² | 64.1 % | +2,725 km² | +3.7 % |
| Philippines | 74,386 km² | 24.8 % | -3,402 km² | -4.4 % |
| South Sudan | 71,600 km² | 11.3 % | – | – |
| Ghana | 70,564 km² | 30.9 % | +12,502 km² | +21.5 % |
| Romania | 69,571 km² | 30.2 % | +5,861 km² | +9.2 % |
| Cambodia | 63,332 km² | 37.6 % | -46,716 km² | -42.5 % |
| Liberia | 63,265 km² | 66.1 % | -16,822 km² | -21.0 % |
| South Korea | 62,791 km² | 64.4 % | -2,719 km² | -4.2 % |
| Nepal | 62,663 km² | 43.6 % | +5,181 km² | +9.0 % |
| Honduras | 58,613 km² | 52.8 % | -17,829 km² | -23.3 % |
| Morocco | 56,953 km² | 12.8 % | -57 km² | -0.1 % |
| Guinea | 48,573 km² | 20.0 % | -23,449 km² | -32.6 % |
| Somalia | 48,298 km² | 7.8 % | -34,538 km² | -41.7 % |
| Greece | 47,628 km² | 36.9 % | +10,539 km² | +28.4 % |
| Panama | 46,146 km² | 62.2 % | -3,414 km² | -6.9 % |
| Bulgaria | 39,590 km² | 36.4 % | +6,320 km² | +19.0 % |
| Kenya | 39,138 km² | 6.6 % | +1,732 km² | +4.6 % |
| Austria | 39,039 km² | 47.3 % | +1,282 km² | +3.4 % |
| Uzbekistan | 38,942 km² | 8.8 % | – | – |
| Ivory Coast | 37,741 km² | 12.1 % | -45,230 km² | -54.5 % |
| Cuba | 36,224 km² | 34.9 % | +13,104 km² | +56.7 % |
| Chad | 36,113 km² | 3.0 % | -31,188 km² | -46.3 % |
| Guatemala | 35,357 km² | 33.1 % | -13,168 km² | -27.1 % |
| Kazakhstan | 35,205 km² | 1.3 % | – | – |
| Serbia | 34,752 km² | 39.2 % | – | – |
| Latvia | 34,670 km² | 55.6 % | – | – |
| Portugal | 33,626 km² | 36.6 % | -758 km² | -2.2 % |
| United Kingdom | 32,780 km² | 13.5 % | +5,000 km² | +18.0 % |
| Burkina Faso | 32,370 km² | 12.3 % | -50,621 km² | -61.0 % |
| Pakistan | 31,925 km² | 4.1 % | -2,686 km² | -7.8 % |
| Benin | 31,333 km² | 28.1 % | -38,469 km² | -55.1 % |
| Nicaragua | 31,075 km² | 25.8 % | -39,914 km² | -56.2 % |
| Georgia | 31,005 km² | 44.6 % | – | – |
| Costa Rica | 29,896 km² | 59.1 % | +2,309 km² | +8.4 % |
| Czech Republic | 29,684 km² | 38.4 % | – | – |
| Saudi Arabia | 27,756 km² | 1.3 % | +75 km² | +0.3 % |
| Bhutan | 26,747 km² | 70.4 % | +1,680 km² | +6.7 % |
| Solomon Islands | 25,139 km² | 89.8 % | -258 km² | -1.0 % |
| Estonia | 24,468 km² | 57.2 % | – | – |
| Sierra Leone | 24,363 km² | 34.0 % | -6,904 km² | -22.1 % |
| Equatorial Guinea | 24,066 km² | 86.1 % | -2,925 km² | -10.8 % |
| Uganda | 23,677 km² | 11.9 % | -21,804 km² | -47.9 % |
| Turkmenistan | 23,300 km² | 5.0 % | – | – |
| Dominican Republic | 22,575 km² | 46.7 % | +1,253 km² | +5.9 % |
| Lithuania | 22,163 km² | 35.4 % | – | – |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 21,621 km² | 42.2 % | – | – |
| Sri Lanka | 21,207 km² | 34.4 % | -2,493 km² | -10.5 % |
| Guinea-Bissau | 20,996 km² | 74.8 % | -1,578 km² | -7.0 % |
| Hungary | 20,874 km² | 22.8 % | +2,735 km² | +15.1 % |
| Malawi | 20,317 km² | 22.0 % | -14,701 km² | -42.0 % |
| Uruguay | 20,240 km² | 11.5 % | +11,446 km² | +130.1 % |
| Croatia | 19,462 km² | 34.8 % | – | – |
| Slovakia | 19,405 km² | 40.3 % | – | – |
| Bangladesh | 18,734 km² | 14.4 % | -1,119 km² | -5.6 % |
| Algeria | 16,914 km² | 0.7 % | -236 km² | -1.4 % |
| Eritrea | 14,420 km² | 12.0 % | – | – |
| Belize | 13,151 km² | 58.0 % | -2,648 km² | -16.8 % |
| Switzerland | 12,670 km² | 32.0 % | +1,135 km² | +9.8 % |
| Kyrgyzstan | 12,555 km² | 6.5 % | – | – |
| Slovenia | 12,436 km² | 61.8 % | – | – |
| Togo | 12,245 km² | 22.5 % | -736 km² | -5.7 % |
| Azerbaijan | 12,137 km² | 14.6 % | – | – |
| Afghanistan | 12,094 km² | 1.9 % | 0 km² | 0.0 % |
| Fiji | 11,366 km² | 61.7 % | +1,969 km² | +21.0 % |
| Niger | 10,551 km² | 0.8 % | -8,899 km² | -45.8 % |
| East Timor | 10,543 km² | 71.0 % | -462 km² | -4.2 % |
| North Macedonia | 10,261 km² | 40.8 % | – | – |
| Mauritania | 10,191 km² | 1.0 % | +920 km² | +9.9 % |
| Albania | 9,410 km² | 34.3 % | +1,522 km² | +19.3 % |
| Vanuatu | 9,074 km² | 74.6 % | -835 km² | -8.4 % |
| New Caledonia * | 8,926 km² | 48.1 % | +615 km² | +7.4 % |
| Ireland | 8,329 km² | 12.0 % | +3,712 km² | +80.4 % |
| Montenegro | 8,270 km² | 61.5 % | – | – |
| Iraq | 6,926 km² | 1.6 % | -1,110 km² | -13.8 % |
| Tunisia | 6,875 km² | 4.4 % | +435 km² | +6.8 % |
| El Salvador | 6,848 km² | 33.0 % | -507 km² | -6.9 % |
| Belgium | 6,705 km² | 22.0 % | – | – |
| Denmark | 6,426 km² | 16.0 % | +1,111 km² | +20.9 % |
| Rwanda | 6,346 km² | 26.1 % | +1,978 km² | +45.3 % |
| Jamaica | 6,163 km² | 56.5 % | +950 km² | +18.2 % |
| Yemen | 5,490 km² | 1.0 % | 0 km² | 0.0 % |
| Syria | 5,278 km² | 2.9 % | +768 km² | +17.0 % |
| The Bahamas | 5,099 km² | 50.9 % | 0 km² | 0.0 % |
| Puerto Rico * | 4,361 km² | 49.7 % | +1,322 km² | +43.5 % |
| Eswatini | 4,331 km² | 25.3 % | -525 km² | -10.8 % |
| Tajikistan | 4,245 km² | 3.1 % | – | – |
| Brunei | 3,800 km² | 72.1 % | -330 km² | -8.0 % |
| Haiti | 3,721 km² | 13.5 % | +29 km² | +0.8 % |
| Moldova | 3,703 km² | 11.3 % | – | – |
| Netherlands | 3,693 km² | 11.0 % | +240 km² | +6.9 % |
| Armenia | 3,341 km² | 11.8 % | – | – |
| United Arab Emirates | 3,246 km² | 4.6 % | +98 km² | +3.1 % |
| Burundi | 2,796 km² | 10.9 % | +32 km² | +1.1 % |
| Trinidad and Tobago | 2,261 km² | 44.2 % | -149 km² | -6.2 % |
| The Gambia | 2,095 km² | 21.3 % | -2,053 km² | -49.5 % |
| Libya | 2,053 km² | 0.1 % | -117 km² | -5.4 % |
| Cyprus | 1,717 km² | 18.6 % | +106 km² | +6.6 % |
| Samoa | 1,598 km² | 57.6 % | -168 km² | -9.5 % |
| Israel | 1,500 km² | 6.8 % | +180 km² | +13.6 % |
| French Polynesia * | 1,495 km² | 42.4 % | +50 km² | +3.5 % |
| Lebanon | 1,413 km² | 13.8 % | +34 km² | +2.5 % |
| Luxembourg | 887 km² | 34.5 % | – | – |
| Jordan | 707 km² | 0.8 % | 0 km² | 0.0 % |
| Federated States of Micronesia | 646 km² | 92.1 % | – | – |
| Iceland | 615 km² | 0.6 % | +435 km² | +242.9 % |
| Dominica | 574 km² | 76.4 % | -15 km² | -2.5 % |
| São Tomé and Príncipe | 553 km² | 57.6 % | -38 km² | -6.4 % |
| Cape Verde | 511 km² | 12.5 % | +176 km² | +52.4 % |
| Palau | 419 km² | 90.8 % | – | – |
| Mauritius | 383 km² | 19.1 % | -28 km² | -6.8 % |
| Lesotho | 345 km² | 1.1 % | 0 km² | 0.0 % |
| Comoros | 334 km² | 17.8 % | -138 km² | -29.2 % |
| Saint Lucia | 328 km² | 53.8 % | +58 km² | +21.4 % |
| Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 286 km² | 73.4 % | 0 km² | +0.1 % |
| Guam * | 283 km² | 52.3 % | +43 km² | +17.8 % |
| Seychelles | 265 km² | 58.5 % | -76 km² | -22.3 % |
| Northern Mariana Islands * | 244 km² | 53.3 % | – | – |
| United States Virgin Islands * | 207 km² | 58.9 % | +3 km² | +1.2 % |
| Andorra | 182 km² | 38.9 % | +5 km² | +3.0 % |
| Grenada | 177 km² | 51.5 % | 0 km² | 0.0 % |
| American Samoa * | 159 km² | 79.6 % | -22 km² | -12.3 % |
| Singapore | 158 km² | 21.8 % | +10 km² | +6.5 % |
| Cayman Islands * | 127 km² | 53.0 % | -4 km² | -3.1 % |
| Palestine | 111 km² | 1.8 % | +20 km² | +22.2 % |
| Saint Kitts and Nevis | 110 km² | 42.1 % | 0 km² | 0.0 % |
| Turks and Caicos Islands * | 105 km² | 11.1 % | 0 km² | 0.0 % |
| British Virgin Islands * | 100 km² | 66.0 % | 0 km² | -0.3 % |
| Marshall Islands | 97 km² | 53.6 % | – | – |
| Tonga | 87 km² | 12.1 % | 0 km² | 0.0 % |
| Antigua and Barbuda | 78 km² | 17.9 % | -23 km² | -22.9 % |
| Kuwait | 63 km² | 0.4 % | +29 km² | +82.6 % |
| Barbados | 63 km² | 14.6 % | 0 km² | 0.0 % |
| Liechtenstein | 60 km² | 36.8 % | +8 km² | +15.0 % |
| Djibouti | 59 km² | 0.3 % | +3 km² | +5.9 % |
| Bahrain | 44 km² | 4.9 % | +30 km² | +219.0 % |
| Egypt | 41 km² | 0.0 % | +2 km² | +5.1 % |
| Maldives | 37 km² | 12.5 % | 0 km² | 0.0 % |
| Isle of Man * | 37 km² | 6.4 % | 0 km² | +1.1 % |
| Oman | 16 km² | 0.0 % | 0 km² | 0.0 % |
| Qatar | 14 km² | 0.1 % | 0 km² | 0.0 % |
| Saint Martin * | 12 km² | 23.4 % | – | – |
| Kiribati | 11 km² | 1.3 % | 0 km² | 0.0 % |
| San Marino | 10 km² | 16.3 % | 0 km² | 0.0 % |
| Tuvalu | 10 km² | 39.6 % | 0 km² | 0.0 % |
| Bermuda * | 8 km² | 14.4 % | 0 km² | 0.0 % |
| Malta | 5 km² | 1.5 % | +1 km² | +34.3 % |
| Aruba * | 5 km² | 2.7 % | 0 km² | 0.0 % |
| Sint Maarten * | 3 km² | 8.8 % | – | – |
| Greenland * | 2 km² | 0.0 % | 0 km² | 0.0 % |
| Faroe Islands * | 1 km² | 0.1 % | 0 km² | 0.0 % |
| Curaçao * | 1 km² | 0.2 % | – | – |
| Monaco | 0 km² | 0.0 % | 0 km² | – |
| Nauru | 0 km² | 0.0 % | 0 km² | – |
* Territory or country that is not one of the 195 UN states (members and observers): it appears with its data, but not in the rankings and in the “top ten” lists.
Latest year (2023). Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators, FAO data (CC BY 4.0).
The indicators
- Forest area (% of land area) Ranking · Map
- Great Green Wall The Great Green Wall