Food

What each country produces and how much it counts in the world, how many calories are available to each person and from which foods, how much food it buys and sells, and how many people do not eat enough.

Key words

Food supply
How much food reaches shops and homes: production plus imports, minus exports, animal feed, seed, industrial uses and losses along the way. It is not what people actually eat: it also includes what is thrown away at home.
Yield
How many tonnes are harvested per hectare (10,000 m²). It depends on climate, soil, irrigation, fertilisers and machinery.
Undernourishment
People who habitually do not eat enough calories for a normal, active and healthy life (“hunger” in FAO statistics).
Food insecurity
People who, for lack of money or other resources, had to eat less or worse, sometimes skipping meals. It is measured by surveys in each country.
Import dependency
How much of the cereals used in the country comes from abroad (imports minus exports). Below zero the country is a net exporter.

Key figures

Latest available year in brackets; undernourishment, insecurity and dependency are three-year averages. Sources: FAO, FAOSTAT; land: World Bank (FAO data).

What it produces

The key products, in tonnes, and the share of world production; below, the production of one product since 1961.

    Source: FAO, FAOSTAT, crops and livestock production (CC BY 4.0). Rice is counted as paddy (with husk), coffee as green (not roasted).

    What it eats

    Calories available per person per day, by food group, in the latest year; below, calories since 2010.

    • Cereals
    • Roots and tubers
    • Sugars
    • Pulses, seeds, nuts
    • Oils and fats
    • Fruit and vegetables
    • Meat
    • Milk and eggs
    • Fish
    • Other

      Source: FAO, FAOSTAT, food balances since 2010 (CC BY 4.0). These are available calories, not actually eaten. For some countries (for example Japan) FAO does not publish food balances.

      What it buys and sells

      The value of food imported and exported (fish excluded) since 1961, in current dollars.

        Source: FAO, FAOSTAT, crops and livestock trade (CC BY 4.0), item “food excluding fish”. Current dollars, not adjusted for inflation.

        Hunger over time

        The undernourished share of the population, with the compared country and the world. Each year is the average of the three years ending there.

          Source: FAO, FAOSTAT, food security indicators (CC BY 4.0). Below 2.5% FAO does not give the exact figure: the line stops at 2.5.

          Who produces, sells, buys

          Tonnes and world share. Source: FAO, FAOSTAT (production and trade). Traded rice is counted as milled, production as paddy.

          All countries

          Country kcal per day Undernourished Insecurity Cereals from abroad Cereal yield Agricultural land
          Afghanistan 2,315 27.8 % 85.3 % 46.1 % 2.4 t/ha 58.4 %
          Albania 3,238 5.6 % 35.1 % 36.4 % 5.2 t/ha 41.1 %
          Algeria 3,396 < 2.5 % 21.2 % 83.9 % 1.5 t/ha 17.3 %
          American Samoa * – – – – – 13.6 %
          Andorra – – – – – 41.9 %
          Angola 2,399 17.4 % 76.0 % 35.7 % 1.1 t/ha 36.3 %
          Antigua and Barbuda 2,544 – 14.4 % 100.0 % 2.0 t/ha 21.1 %
          Argentina 3,360 2.8 % 34.8 % -128.2 % 4.9 t/ha 29.5 %
          Armenia 3,129 < 2.5 % 8.4 % 75.0 % 2.0 t/ha 59.4 %
          Australia 3,562 < 2.5 % 17.1 % -241.6 % 2.7 t/ha 47.3 %
          Austria 3,756 < 2.5 % 5.9 % 20.4 % 6.7 t/ha 31.1 %
          Azerbaijan 3,339 < 2.5 % 16.6 % 34.1 % 3.4 t/ha 57.8 %
          Bahrain 3,423 – – – – 10.3 %
          Bangladesh 2,588 8.2 % 28.0 % 16.0 % 5.4 t/ha 72.2 %
          Barbados 3,118 5.0 % 35.6 % 100.0 % 2.8 t/ha 23.2 %
          Belarus 3,396 < 2.5 % 1.8 % 3.9 % 3.4 t/ha 39.1 %
          Belgium 3,921 < 2.5 % 11.7 % 71.7 % 6.9 t/ha 44.4 %
          Belize 2,832 4.4 % 15.5 % 13.2 % 3.7 t/ha 8.2 %
          Benin – 11.1 % 67.7 % 39.7 % 1.4 t/ha 43.1 %
          Bermuda * – – – – – 5.6 %
          Bhutan 3,107 – – 74.2 % 3.6 t/ha 13.8 %
          Bolivia 2,374 19.5 % 30.8 % 11.0 % 2.2 t/ha 36.1 %
          Bosnia and Herzegovina 3,458 < 2.5 % 10.4 % 36.6 % 5.4 t/ha 22.4 %
          Botswana 2,714 18.2 % 55.3 % 82.7 % 0.9 t/ha 45.6 %
          Brazil 3,423 < 2.5 % 9.8 % -30.9 % 5.0 t/ha 28.4 %
          Brunei – – – 83.5 % 2.4 t/ha 2.9 %
          Bulgaria 3,000 < 2.5 % 12.8 % -1,015.6 % 5.1 t/ha 46.2 %
          Burkina Faso 2,791 11.7 % 43.8 % 20.5 % 1.2 t/ha 62.6 %
          Burundi – – 72.7 % – 1.2 t/ha 74.2 %
          Cambodia 2,643 4.7 % 39.8 % -3.2 % 3.8 t/ha 34.7 %
          Cameroon 2,901 4.9 % 64.5 % 34.6 % 1.8 t/ha 21.1 %
          Canada 3,590 < 2.5 % 10.7 % -116.9 % 4.0 t/ha 6.5 %
          Cape Verde 2,794 8.1 % 35.0 % 100.0 % 0.0 t/ha 24.8 %
          Central African Republic – 29.8 % 89.7 % 19.6 % 0.8 t/ha 9.3 %
          Chad – 33.6 % 67.4 % 8.9 % 0.8 t/ha 40.0 %
          Chile 3,057 < 2.5 % 16.3 % 61.3 % 6.6 t/ha 14.4 %
          China 3,527 < 2.5 % – 9.2 % 6.5 t/ha 41.7 %
          Colombia 3,126 4.1 % 29.0 % 65.3 % 4.4 t/ha 36.5 %
          Comoros 2,390 16.5 % 84.7 % 78.2 % 1.7 t/ha 78.9 %
          Cook Islands * – – – – – –
          Costa Rica 3,061 < 2.5 % 14.6 % 92.5 % 3.8 t/ha 31.4 %
          Croatia 3,448 < 2.5 % 6.8 % -50.8 % 6.6 t/ha 26.2 %
          Cuba 3,385 3.5 % – 76.6 % 1.9 t/ha 61.7 %
          Cyprus 2,876 < 2.5 % 1.5 % 98.5 % 1.4 t/ha 13.6 %
          Czech Republic 3,384 < 2.5 % 11.0 % -49.8 % 5.8 t/ha 45.8 %
          Democratic Republic of the Congo 2,015 39.5 % 83.5 % 24.8 % 0.9 t/ha 16.2 %
          Denmark 3,734 < 2.5 % 7.4 % -7.1 % 6.1 t/ha 65.1 %
          Djibouti 2,721 14.7 % 55.3 % 100.0 % 2.0 t/ha 73.5 %
          Dominica – 3.0 % 38.3 % 100.0 % 1.7 t/ha 32.6 %
          Dominican Republic 3,313 < 2.5 % 45.2 % 63.0 % 4.5 t/ha 51.5 %
          East Timor 2,277 16.9 % 55.7 % 47.7 % 2.1 t/ha 23.0 %
          Ecuador 2,621 10.8 % 34.4 % 39.6 % 4.0 t/ha 20.3 %
          Egypt 3,094 8.4 % 32.7 % 42.8 % 7.4 t/ha 4.2 %
          El Salvador 2,896 5.3 % 45.4 % 54.1 % 2.8 t/ha 57.3 %
          Equatorial Guinea – – – – – 3.4 %
          Eritrea – – – – 0.6 t/ha 62.8 %
          Estonia 3,287 < 2.5 % 15.5 % -119.5 % 3.7 t/ha 23.0 %
          Eswatini 2,574 15.1 % 65.7 % 67.5 % 1.1 t/ha 69.6 %
          Ethiopia 2,558 19.9 % 65.2 % 8.6 % 2.6 t/ha 34.3 %
          Faroe Islands * – – – – – 70.1 %
          Federated States of Micronesia 2,633 – – 100.0 % 1.7 t/ha 7.7 %
          Fiji 2,938 7.2 % 35.4 % 92.6 % 3.1 t/ha 17.0 %
          Finland 3,346 < 2.5 % 20.2 % -1.2 % 3.6 t/ha 7.4 %
          France 3,490 < 2.5 % 10.5 % -71.7 % 6.3 t/ha 52.8 %
          French Polynesia * 3,045 2.6 % – – – 8.1 %
          Gabon 2,686 23.3 % – 90.6 % 1.6 t/ha 6.9 %
          Georgia 3,000 < 2.5 % 25.7 % 66.1 % 2.8 t/ha 33.7 %
          Germany 3,535 < 2.5 % 5.5 % 0.4 % 6.8 t/ha 47.4 %
          Ghana 3,125 6.4 % 44.7 % 32.1 % 2.6 t/ha 55.4 %
          Greece 3,382 < 2.5 % 8.3 % 34.0 % 4.1 t/ha 38.9 %
          Greenland * – – – – – 0.6 %
          Grenada 2,827 – 18.9 % 100.0 % 1.0 t/ha 23.3 %
          Guatemala 2,823 12.7 % 53.0 % 54.7 % 2.2 t/ha 46.0 %
          Guinea 2,948 8.7 % – 28.5 % 1.4 t/ha 73.2 %
          Guinea-Bissau 2,560 20.0 % 64.8 % 50.7 % 1.3 t/ha 31.4 %
          Guyana 3,318 < 2.5 % 26.7 % -105.7 % 6.6 t/ha 3.4 %
          Haiti 1,959 51.4 % 86.7 % 82.9 % 1.1 t/ha 65.1 %
          Honduras 2,628 14.3 % 40.1 % 65.7 % 1.9 t/ha 28.5 %
          Hong Kong * 2,828 – – 100.0 % 2.0 t/ha 3.8 %
          Hungary 3,549 < 2.5 % 20.4 % -61.4 % 5.6 t/ha 55.5 %
          Iceland 3,681 < 2.5 % 11.1 % 93.1 % 2.0 t/ha 16.2 %
          India 2,669 9.8 % – -12.4 % 3.6 t/ha 59.9 %
          Indonesia 2,900 6.3 % 4.4 % 15.7 % 5.4 t/ha 28.9 %
          Iran 2,875 6.7 % 40.5 % 40.6 % 2.7 t/ha 29.0 %
          Iraq 2,764 13.4 % – 63.0 % 2.7 t/ha 21.6 %
          Ireland 3,921 < 2.5 % 7.6 % 65.8 % 7.3 t/ha 65.1 %
          Israel 3,754 < 2.5 % 10.6 % 93.7 % 2.6 t/ha 23.8 %
          Italy 3,753 < 2.5 % 1.8 % 42.5 % 5.0 t/ha 43.6 %
          Ivory Coast 2,938 11.4 % 39.6 % 52.1 % 2.5 t/ha 83.9 %
          Jamaica 2,892 8.0 % 60.8 % 99.3 % 1.3 t/ha 39.0 %
          Japan – < 2.5 % 7.4 % 76.8 % 6.2 t/ha 12.6 %
          Jordan 2,556 12.2 % – 100.0 % 1.6 t/ha 11.6 %
          Kazakhstan 3,136 < 2.5 % 2.0 % -59.4 % 1.5 t/ha 79.2 %
          Kenya 2,146 34.9 % 73.3 % 49.5 % 1.7 t/ha 50.0 %
          Kiribati 3,126 3.8 % 47.4 % – – 41.9 %
          Kuwait 3,136 < 2.5 % 10.7 % 99.4 % 14.2 t/ha 8.4 %
          Kyrgyzstan 2,763 4.8 % 9.1 % 27.4 % 3.5 t/ha 54.0 %
          Laos 3,188 10.0 % 37.2 % -0.3 % 4.2 t/ha 9.5 %
          Latvia 3,342 < 2.5 % 13.8 % -140.7 % 4.0 t/ha 31.7 %
          Lebanon 2,828 11.1 % 47.7 % 86.6 % 2.7 t/ha 63.7 %
          Lesotho 1,873 – 63.5 % 68.4 % 0.6 t/ha 92.9 %
          Liberia 2,135 37.3 % 81.2 % 72.3 % 1.1 t/ha 20.1 %
          Libya 2,867 18.7 % 34.9 % 100.0 % 0.7 t/ha 8.7 %
          Lithuania 3,348 < 2.5 % 8.4 % -180.4 % 4.4 t/ha 45.6 %
          Luxembourg 3,522 < 2.5 % 3.5 % 38.7 % 5.2 t/ha 51.7 %
          Macau * 2,929 – – – – –
          Madagascar 1,978 41.8 % 62.7 % 19.9 % 2.4 t/ha 70.4 %
          Malawi 2,618 24.5 % 82.9 % 1.9 % 1.9 t/ha 65.0 %
          Malaysia 2,927 < 2.5 % 17.9 % 78.1 % 3.5 t/ha 24.8 %
          Maldives 2,671 – 15.9 % 97.3 % 2.4 t/ha 19.8 %
          Mali – 12.1 % 22.4 % 6.5 % 1.7 t/ha 34.2 %
          Malta 3,407 < 2.5 % 10.4 % 100.0 % 4.9 t/ha 25.4 %
          Marshall Islands 3,322 – – 100.0 % – 40.2 %
          Mauritania 2,909 11.0 % 67.0 % 55.3 % 1.5 t/ha 38.5 %
          Mauritius 3,256 4.9 % 31.3 % 90.9 % 11.9 t/ha 40.9 %
          Mexico 3,305 3.1 % 17.1 % 37.6 % 3.8 t/ha 50.6 %
          Moldova 2,991 < 2.5 % 30.1 % 100.0 % 2.4 t/ha 73.2 %
          Mongolia 3,031 < 2.5 % 5.5 % 39.3 % 1.3 t/ha 68.8 %
          Montenegro 3,669 < 2.5 % 11.4 % 96.1 % 2.7 t/ha 18.5 %
          Morocco 3,354 6.5 % – 64.6 % 1.2 t/ha 67.2 %
          Mozambique 2,186 22.3 % – 47.3 % 0.8 t/ha 56.1 %
          Myanmar 2,809 4.6 % 35.5 % -12.4 % 3.8 t/ha 19.9 %
          Namibia 2,581 20.1 % 56.3 % 78.7 % 0.2 t/ha 47.1 %
          Nauru 3,087 – 33.8 % – – 16.2 %
          Nepal 2,920 5.2 % 37.8 % 17.3 % 3.5 t/ha 26.1 %
          Netherlands 3,467 < 2.5 % 10.9 % 90.3 % 6.8 t/ha 53.4 %
          New Caledonia * 3,016 4.1 % – 91.7 % 11.7 t/ha 9.8 %
          New Zealand 3,122 < 2.5 % 19.1 % 48.1 % 9.1 t/ha 36.8 %
          Nicaragua 2,760 17.3 % – 50.5 % 2.5 t/ha 42.3 %
          Niger 2,654 12.9 % 52.0 % 24.3 % 0.6 t/ha 36.8 %
          Nigeria 2,470 22.2 % 78.6 % 16.3 % 1.6 t/ha 77.1 %
          Niue * – – – – – –
          North Korea 1,981 47.0 % – 19.0 % 3.6 t/ha 21.6 %
          North Macedonia 3,476 < 2.5 % 11.4 % 25.5 % 3.6 t/ha 49.2 %
          Norway 3,476 < 2.5 % 10.0 % 78.3 % 4.2 t/ha 2.7 %
          Oman 2,981 7.1 % – 88.6 % 27.7 t/ha 4.8 %
          Pakistan 2,514 16.1 % 23.5 % -9.9 % 3.6 t/ha 47.2 %
          Palau – – 35.0 % – – 9.3 %
          Panama 3,105 4.7 % – 61.9 % 4.2 t/ha 23.1 %
          Papua New Guinea 2,177 30.5 % 59.4 % 95.2 % 4.8 t/ha 3.1 %
          Paraguay 3,067 4.1 % 28.9 % -1,894.1 % 3.6 t/ha 54.1 %
          Peru 2,811 5.7 % 34.3 % 52.0 % 4.9 t/ha 19.0 %
          Philippines 2,983 3.4 % 33.9 % 30.7 % 3.8 t/ha 42.7 %
          Poland 3,730 < 2.5 % 3.8 % -31.2 % 4.9 t/ha 46.2 %
          Portugal 3,553 < 2.5 % 13.6 % 80.8 % 5.3 t/ha 41.3 %
          Puerto Rico * – – – – 3.7 t/ha 18.5 %
          Qatar 3,251 – – 100.0 % 15.0 t/ha 6.4 %
          Republic of the Congo 2,187 25.0 % – 88.7 % 0.9 t/ha 31.2 %
          Romania 3,649 < 2.5 % 17.5 % -138.1 % 3.5 t/ha 55.2 %
          Russia 3,528 < 2.5 % 3.4 % -32.1 % 3.0 t/ha 13.2 %
          Rwanda 2,405 22.6 % – 35.3 % 1.8 t/ha 75.7 %
          Saint Kitts and Nevis 2,854 – 26.4 % – – 23.0 %
          Saint Lucia 2,654 – 25.9 % 100.0 % 0.7 t/ha 16.3 %
          Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 3,043 4.0 % 34.4 % 98.5 % 13.3 t/ha 18.0 %
          Samoa 3,117 3.4 % 19.8 % – – 17.8 %
          Saudi Arabia 3,660 < 2.5 % – 89.3 % 5.1 t/ha 81.7 %
          Senegal 2,848 5.3 % 29.9 % 45.6 % 2.0 t/ha 49.4 %
          Serbia 3,879 < 2.5 % 8.4 % -41.6 % 5.2 t/ha 38.1 %
          Seychelles 2,889 < 2.5 % 18.1 % – – 3.4 %
          Sierra Leone 2,437 25.3 % 91.1 % 28.2 % 1.4 t/ha 55.2 %
          Singapore – – 12.1 % – – 0.9 %
          Slovakia 2,980 – 9.1 % -100.7 % 5.6 t/ha 37.8 %
          Slovenia 3,200 < 2.5 % 9.5 % 36.9 % 6.6 t/ha 30.4 %
          Solomon Islands 2,166 27.0 % – 100.0 % 1.9 t/ha 4.1 %
          Somalia – 56.5 % – – 0.4 t/ha 70.3 %
          South Africa 2,694 11.2 % 22.0 % 0.7 % 4.6 t/ha 79.4 %
          South Korea 3,430 < 2.5 % 7.3 % 78.5 % 6.5 t/ha 16.0 %
          Spain 3,377 < 2.5 % 9.1 % 50.3 % 3.8 t/ha 49.3 %
          Sri Lanka 2,675 4.9 % 10.4 % 26.4 % 4.1 t/ha 48.8 %
          Sudan – 10.9 % – – 0.6 t/ha 60.3 %
          Suriname 2,539 12.7 % 41.1 % -4.3 % 4.4 t/ha 0.5 %
          Sweden 3,367 < 2.5 % 9.2 % -13.4 % 5.2 t/ha 7.3 %
          Switzerland 3,402 < 2.5 % 3.3 % 64.6 % 4.6 t/ha 37.7 %
          Syria 2,259 40.8 % – 49.8 % 1.6 t/ha 74.1 %
          São Tomé and Príncipe 2,279 23.0 % 58.8 % 85.7 % 2.0 t/ha 46.1 %
          Taiwan * 2,958 3.6 % – 78.3 % 6.4 t/ha –
          Tajikistan 2,712 8.0 % 27.9 % 48.4 % 4.1 t/ha 28.0 %
          Tanzania 2,518 19.1 % 59.2 % 1.8 % 1.9 t/ha 45.1 %
          Thailand 2,855 5.4 % 5.3 % -18.5 % 3.1 t/ha 43.3 %
          The Bahamas 2,672 – 21.1 % 98.4 % 7.7 t/ha 1.3 %
          The Gambia 2,402 17.5 % 50.8 % 89.6 % 1.0 t/ha 76.1 %
          Togo – 10.2 % 58.9 % 13.6 % 1.2 t/ha 69.1 %
          Tonga 3,059 – 17.9 % 96.0 % – 48.5 %
          Trinidad and Tobago 2,946 10.4 % 28.5 % 100.0 % 1.0 t/ha 11.6 %
          Tunisia 3,432 2.8 % 27.4 % 87.0 % 1.9 t/ha 62.1 %
          Turkey 3,892 < 2.5 % – 35.0 % 3.4 t/ha 50.2 %
          Turkmenistan 2,814 4.1 % – 22.4 % 1.7 t/ha 84.3 %
          Tuvalu 3,301 – – – – 100.0 %
          Uganda 2,378 20.9 % 53.1 % 15.3 % 1.9 t/ha 80.3 %
          Ukraine 2,786 10.8 % 35.0 % -298.4 % 5.1 t/ha 71.3 %
          United Arab Emirates 3,125 < 2.5 % 5.7 % 100.0 % 22.5 t/ha 5.6 %
          United Kingdom 3,435 < 2.5 % 8.9 % 23.8 % 6.6 t/ha 69.2 %
          United States of America 3,947 < 2.5 % 11.0 % -20.3 % 8.4 t/ha 46.1 %
          Uruguay 3,323 < 2.5 % 16.8 % -60.5 % 5.1 t/ha 87.4 %
          Uzbekistan 3,297 < 2.5 % – 28.0 % 5.5 t/ha 58.9 %
          Vanuatu 2,909 5.8 % 25.5 % 98.2 % 0.6 t/ha 13.3 %
          Venezuela 2,800 5.3 % – 49.3 % 4.3 t/ha 24.4 %
          Vietnam 3,086 6.1 % 11.2 % 15.4 % 6.0 t/ha 39.2 %
          Yemen 1,811 – 75.3 % 93.4 % 0.8 t/ha 44.4 %
          Zambia 2,170 41.0 % 47.7 % -9.7 % 2.3 t/ha 32.1 %
          Zimbabwe 2,393 18.4 % 74.3 % 41.5 % 1.1 t/ha 48.1 %

          * Territory or country that is not one of the 195 UN states (members and observers): it appears with its data, but not in the rankings and in the “top ten” lists.

          Latest available year. Sources: FAO, FAOSTAT (CC BY 4.0); agricultural land: World Bank (FAO data).

          The indicators

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