Cities of the world
The 1,914 cities with at least 300,000 inhabitants in 2025, according to the United Nations. Choose the year, from 1975 to 2050, and the order: by population, by area or by density.
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| # | City | Country | Population | Area (km²) | Density (people/km²) |
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Source: United Nations, World Urbanization Prospects 2025 (CC BY 3.0 IGO). After 2025, projections. Cities measured as the built-up, densely inhabited area (DEGURBA method).
Megacities
For the United Nations a megacity is a city with at least 10 million inhabitants. In 1975 there were 8; in 2025 there are 33; according to the projections there will be 37 in 2050. On the map their circle has a coloured border.
The UN measures all cities the same way, looking at the built-up, densely inhabited area rather than municipal boundaries. This is why the figures often differ from those found elsewhere: a city also includes the neighbouring municipalities merged with it, and some famous cities do not appear on their own because they are part of a neighbour’s agglomeration.
Metropolises
There is no official definition of “metropolis” and no population threshold: the word means a very large and important city that is the centre of a wider territory, the metropolitan area. The United Nations does not use it and divides cities by size, into the classes shown above the table.
Megalopolises
A megalopolis is a long urban belt in which several large cities, each with its metropolitan area, merge through suburbs and transport links into a single region. The word was used by the French geographer Jean Gottmann in 1961 for the north-eastern seaboard of the United States, between Boston and Washington.
Below are ten of the most cited megalopolises, with their cities according to the source given. On the map their outlines are indicative: they join those cities. See all megalopolises on the map
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BosWash (Northeast megalopolis)
United States · 22 million inhabitants in its cities (UN, 2025)
The first megalopolis described, by Jean Gottmann in 1961: from Boston to Washington, through New York, Philadelphia and Baltimore.
Boston, New York City, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Washington, D.C.
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Great Lakes
United States and Canada · 17 million inhabitants in its cities (UN, 2025)
Megaregion defined by the America 2050 project (Regional Plan Association). Its cities are further apart than in the other megalopolises.
Chicago, Milwaukee, Grand Rapids, Indianapolis, Detroit, Windsor, Cincinnati, Columbus, Toledo, Pittsburgh, Buffalo, Rochester, Toronto, Ottawa, Montreal
Not listed on their own in the UN data: Cleveland.
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Pacific Belt (Taiheiyō)
Japan · 63 million inhabitants in its cities (UN, 2025)
From Tokyo to Fukuoka, along the Pacific coast. Its core is the Tōkaidō, between Tokyo, Nagoya and Osaka.
Mito, Tsukuba, Tokyo, Numazu, Shizuoka, Hamamatsu, Toyohashi, Nagoya, Yokkaichi, Osaka, Himeji, Wakayama, Tokushima, Okayama, Takamatsu, Fukuyama, Hiroshima, Matsuyama, Kitakyūshū, Fukuoka, Ōita-shi
Not listed on their own in the UN data: Yokohama, Kyoto, Kobe.
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Pearl River Delta
China · 51 million inhabitants in its cities (UN, 2025)
The Greater Bay Area: nine cities of Guangdong with Hong Kong and Macao.
Guangzhou railway station, Shenzhen, Zhongshan, Huizhou, Zhaoqing, Hong Kong, Macau
Not listed on their own in the UN data: Foshan, Dongguan, Jiangmen.
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Yangtze River Delta
China · 78 million inhabitants in its cities (UN, 2025)
The 26 cities of the Chinese government’s 2016 plan: a planning area more than a continuous urban belt.
Shanghai, Nanjing, Zhenjiang, Yangzhou, Changzhou, Suzhou, Wuxi, Nantong, Taizhou, Yancheng, Hangzhou, Jiaxing, Huzhou, Ningbo, Zhoushan, Jinhua, Taizhou, Hefei, Wuhu, Chuzhou, Ma'anshan, Tongling, Chizhou, Anqing, Xuancheng
Not listed on their own in the UN data: Shaoxing.
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Jing-Jin-Ji (Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei)
China · 34 million inhabitants in its cities (UN, 2025)
Beijing, Tianjin and the main cities of Hebei province.
Beijing, Tianjin, Shijiazhuang, Tangshan, Baoding, Qinhuangdao, Zhangjiakou, Cangzhou, Langfang, Chengde
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Blue Banana
Europe · 48 million inhabitants in its cities (UN, 2025)
A concept by the geographer Roger Brunet (1989), debated: a 1991 study for the European Commission saw it as an idea rather than a reality. Brunet first left Paris out; later versions include it.
Liverpool, Manchester, Leeds, Birmingham, London, Paris, Lille, Amsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague, Utrecht, Brussels, Antwerp, Ghent, Essen, Dortmund, Düsseldorf, Cologne, Frankfurt, Mannheim, Stuttgart, Strasbourg, Basel, Zurich, Milan, Turin, Genoa
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Rio de Janeiro–São Paulo
Brazil · 35 million inhabitants in its cities (UN, 2025)
Brazil’s two largest cities and those between them, along the Paraíba valley.
São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Campinas, Santos, Sorocaba, São José dos Campos, Juiz de Fora, Jundiaí, Volta Redonda, Piracicaba, Campos dos Goytacazes, Petrópolis
Not listed on their own in the UN data: Guarulhos, Niterói, São Gonçalo, Duque de Caxias.
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Southern California
United States and Mexico · 17 million inhabitants in its cities (UN, 2025)
America 2050 megaregion, across the border to Tijuana. The source also includes Las Vegas, left out here because it is far away, across the desert.
Los Angeles, Riverside, San Diego, Tijuana
Not listed on their own in the UN data: San Bernardino.
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Abidjan–Lagos Corridor
Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria · 32 million inhabitants in its cities (UN, 2025)
A string of cities along the coast of the Gulf of Guinea, across five countries.
Abidjan, Sekondi-Takoradi, Cape Coast, Accra, Lomé, Cotonou, Porto-Novo, Lagos
Not listed on their own in the UN data: Abomey-Calavi.